Architects Are Copying Nature to Make Low-Carbon Buildings
低碳建筑:这种建筑,会"呼吸"
| 项目 | 信息 |
|---|---|
| 来源 | 扇贝阅读 · 考试(四级 1000 核心词·精选高频核心词) |
| 难度标签 | 考试 / 四级 |
| 全文词数 | 615 词 |
| 主题 | 仿生建筑 · 可持续设计 · 低碳材料 |
文章导读
西雅图有一栋六层办公楼,试着像森林一样运转:自己发电、收集雨水、不产生废弃物。它叫 Bullitt Center,2013 年建成,屋顶 575 块太阳能板组成的"树冠"让它发的电比用的多约 30%,所有粪便垃圾就地堆肥还田。
这背后是仿生学(biomimicry)——把自然界的生态系统、过程和生物体当作人类问题的解决方案库。文章给出两条路径:一是换材料(受珊瑚礁启发,BioMason 公司"种"出在生产过程中固碳的生物水泥,与传统水泥占全球排放 7–8% 正好相反);二是少用料(康沃尔"伊甸园项目"用肥皂泡做模型,在不平整的废弃黏土矿坑上建起网格穹顶)。
结尾引建筑师 Michael Pawlyn 的判断:建筑业内已经认识到"照旧做生意不够了",但仿生学还缺一个舆论临界点(tipping point)才能真正铺开。阅读提示:文中加粗的词为四级 / 六级 / 考研高频词,文末附核心词汇表与长难句解析。专业术语(biomimicry / geodesic / biocement 等)已单独列出。
一、正文精读(英中对照)
第 1 段:一栋"像森林"的楼
Can a building behave like a forest — by generating its own energy, absorbing naturally available water, and producing no waste? This was one of the prompts behind the design of the Bullitt Center, a six-story office building in Seattle, Washington.
译文:一栋建筑能像森林那样运转吗——自己发电、吸收天然可用的水、并且不产生废弃物?这是华盛顿州西雅图六层办公楼"布利特中心"设计背后的命题之一。
翻译要点
behave like意为"表现得像、像……那样运转",此处不是说外观像森林,而是功能逻辑像——这是全文的核心设问。- 三个并列的
by + 动名词短语解释"像森林"的具体含义,中文用破折号引出即可。 prompt在此为名词"提示、命题、启发"(设计任务书里的问题),不是形容词"迅速的",也不是动词"促使"。one of the prompts behind the design意为"设计背后的命题之一",behind表"促成、构成……的背景"。
第 2 段:设计目标——复刻一片道格拉斯冷杉林
Constructed in 2013, the building aims to mimic a forest of Douglas firs — trees that once covered the area now occupied by the city — by taking everything it needs from the environment around it and producing no toxins.
译文:这栋楼建于 2013 年,目标是模拟一片道格拉斯冷杉林——这类树曾覆盖如今被城市占据的区域——从周围环境取得所需的一切,且不产生任何毒素。
翻译要点
Constructed in 2013为过去分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是the building。mimic意为"模仿、模拟",是全文主题词 biomimicry 的动词形式。- 破折号内
trees that once covered the area now occupied by the city为Douglas firs的同位语,其中now occupied by the city又是过去分词短语修饰the area——两层压缩信息。 taking... and producing...两个动名词并列,共用by。
第 3 段:具体怎么做到的
Standing 30 meters high, the five-sided building harvests all of its water from rainfall, while all of its waste is composted on-site and returned to the soil. A tree-like canopy of 575 solar panels allows the building to be a net positive energy generator, creating about 30 percent more electricity than it consumes.
译文:这栋五边形建筑高 30 米,全部用水都来自雨水收集,而所有废弃物都在原地堆肥后还田。由 575 块太阳能板组成的树冠状顶棚,使这栋楼成为"净正能量"的发电器——发电量比自身用电量多约 30%。
翻译要点
Standing 30 meters high为现在分词短语作状语,stand在此意为"高达、矗立"。harvest本义"收获庄稼",此处为熟词僻义"收集(雨水)",是环保文本的常用动词。compost作动词"把……制成堆肥",on-site意为"就地、在现场"。canopy本义"(森林的)树冠层",此处指建筑顶部的遮阳/太阳能板顶棚——用词本身就呼应"像森林"。net positive energy generator意为"净正能量产出体",即产出大于消耗;net表"扣除之后净余",是能源与财经文本高频词。while在此表对比"而",不是"当……时"。
第 4 段:为什么需要它——引出仿生学
Buildings like this are exactly what the world needs to reduce energy consumption and help combat — or reverse — climate change. For inspiration, architects are turning to the science (though it’s perhaps also an art) of biomimicry: the practice of imitating nature’s ecosystems, processes, and organisms for sustainable solutions to human problems.
译文:要降低能源消耗、帮助应对乃至逆转气候变化,世界正需要这样的建筑。为了寻找灵感,建筑师们转向了仿生学这门科学(或许它同时也是一门艺术):即模仿自然界的生态系统、过程与生物体,为人类问题寻找可持续的解决方案。
翻译要点
combat — or reverse — climate change中破折号插入or reverse,构成递进修正:先说"应对",再升级为"逆转"。turn to意为"求助于、转向"。- 冒号后的
the practice of imitating...是biomimicry的完整定义,practice此处意为"做法、实践",不是"练习"。 - 三个并列宾语
ecosystems, processes, and organisms用递进排比定义仿生学的对象层次。
第 5 段:仿生不新鲜,建筑仿生有新目的
Humanity has always taken inspiration from nature — think Velcro and the small hooks on plant seeds, the nose of a bullet train and a kingfisher’s beak. But biomimicry in architecture has the specific intention of lessening buildings’ impact on the environment.
译文:人类一直从自然中汲取灵感——想想维可牢尼龙搭扣与植物种子上的小倒钩、子弹头列车的车头与翠鸟的喙。但建筑领域的仿生学有一个明确的目的:减轻建筑对环境的影响。
翻译要点
think...为祈使式插入,用于举例,中文译"想想……"。- 两个经典仿生案例:Velcro(魔术贴,源自牛蒡子倒钩)、新干线车头(源自翠鸟入水不溅的喙型)。
bullet train指"子弹头列车/高铁"。 has the specific intention of doing意为"有着明确的目的:做……“,intention强调"有意为之”,与"无意中相似"区分。lessen意为"减轻、减少",是less + -en构成的动词。
第 6 段:路径一——换材料(生物水泥)
Following in nature’s footsteps has already led to the creation of innovative building materials that are far more sustainable than traditional products. Inspired by coral reefs, the US company BioMason, based in North Carolina, grows biocement that traps carbon in the production process, a total reversal of what normally happens when cement is made (traditional cement manufacture accounts for between 7 and 8 percent of global emissions).
译文:循着自然的足迹,人们已经造出远比传统产品更可持续的新型建材。受珊瑚礁启发,位于北卡罗来纳州的美国公司 BioMason "种"出一种生物水泥,其生产过程会固碳——这与通常制造水泥时发生的情况完全相反(传统水泥制造占全球排放量的 7% 到 8%)。
翻译要点
Following in nature's footsteps为动名词短语作主语,follow in sb.'s footsteps意为"追随某人的脚步",此处拟人化。grows biocement中grow用词关键:这种水泥是"培养/生长"出来的(利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀),不是高温煅烧的。traps carbon意为"捕集/固定碳",trap本义"困住"。a total reversal of what normally happens为前面整句的同位语,what从句作of的宾语;reversal意为"彻底反转"。accounts for between 7 and 8 percent中account for意为"(比例上)占",是数据表达高频短语。
第 7 段:转场——不只换材料,还要少用料
Building with reimagined materials is one of the successes of biomimicry, but nature also shows us how to build with less.
译文:用重新构想过的材料来建造,是仿生学的成果之一;但自然还教给我们另一件事:如何用更少的材料建造。
翻译要点
- 单句成段的转场句,把文章从"材料创新"切到"结构减量"。
reimagined意为"被重新构想的、被重新设计的",过去分词作定语。build with less中less为代词,指"更少的材料",简洁有力。
第 8 段:路径二——向自然几何学借形
“Some interesting examples can be found in projects that think of natural geometries and how to create complex shapes with less building materials,” says Bea Spolidoro, a principal at Fisher Architecture in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Mimicking structural shapes found in nature can ultimately reduce the carbon footprint of construction, she says.
译文:"一些有意思的案例,出现在那些思考自然几何形态、思考如何用更少建材造出复杂形状的项目里,"宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡 Fisher Architecture 事务所的负责人比娅·斯波利多罗说。她表示,模仿自然界中的结构形状,最终能降低建造的碳足迹。
翻译要点
a principal在此为熟词僻义:指事务所的"负责人、合伙人、主创建筑师",不是"校长"或"本金"。think of natural geometries and how to create...中geometries用复数,指"各种几何形态"。carbon footprint为固定术语"碳足迹"。ultimately意为"最终、归根结底",用于给出因果链的终点。
第 9 段:伊甸园项目
One such example is the Eden Project in Cornwall, designed by Grimshaw Architects. Two greenhouses — one of which boasts the world’s largest covered rainforest — are housed in geodesic domes on the site of a reclaimed clay pit, an uneven building surface.
译文:康沃尔郡的"伊甸园项目"就是这样一个例子,由 Grimshaw 建筑事务所设计。两座温室——其中一座拥有世界最大的室内雨林——被安置在网格穹顶里,场地是一处回填复垦的黏土矿坑,地表并不平整。
翻译要点
one of which boasts...为"数词 + of + which"引导的非限制性定语从句;boast在此意为"拥有(值得炫耀的东西)",是熟词僻义。geodesic dome为建筑术语"网格穹顶/测地线穹顶",专业词。reclaimed clay pit中reclaimed意为"(土地)经复垦恢复的",pit指"矿坑、采掘坑"。- 句末
an uneven building surface是the site of a reclaimed clay pit的同位语,解释为何需要特殊结构。
第 10 段:模型是肥皂泡
The models for these domes were soap bubbles, which helped generate a building form that works regardless of the site’s ground levels.
译文:这些穹顶的模型是肥皂泡——它帮助生成了一种不受场地地面高差限制的建筑形式。
翻译要点
which helped generate...为非限制性定语从句,which指"用肥皂泡做模型"这件事。regardless of意为"不管、不受……影响",后接名词短语。ground levels指"地面标高/高差",呼应上一段uneven building surface——正是这一约束,让肥皂泡的自由曲面成为更优解。
第 11 段:行业态度在变
The construction industry tends to be resistant to change, but architect Michael Pawlyn — one of the main designers on the Eden Project and founder of the architectural studio Exploration Architecture — sees people in the industry finally realizing that “business-close-to-usual is not enough.” A longtime advocate of biomimicry, Pawlyn says it has quickly changed from a best practice to, in his eyes, an essential one.
译文:建筑业往往抗拒变革,但建筑师迈克尔·波林——“伊甸园项目"主创之一、Exploration Architecture 建筑工作室创始人——看到业内终于意识到"近乎照常做生意是不够的”。作为仿生学的长期倡导者,波林说,在他看来它已迅速从"最佳实践"变成了"必不可少"。
翻译要点
tends to be resistant to change中tend to do表倾向,be resistant to意为"对……有抵触"。business-close-to-usual是原文对习语business as usual(一切照旧)的连字符化变体,含义是"近乎照旧、差不多还是老一套",整理稿忠实保留原写法。sees people ... finally realizing that...为see sb. doing结构,意为"看到某人正在……"。- 末句
from a best practice to ... an essential one中one替代practice,避免重复;in his eyes为插入语"在他看来"。
第 12 段:自然能教什么
“I most definitely do think that biomimicry in the realm of the built environment can and will be used to fight climate change,” he says. “Nature can show us sustainable and resilient methods — in terms of energy and water usage, as well as material fabrication and properties.”
译文:"我确实非常肯定地认为,建成环境领域的仿生学能够、也将会被用于应对气候变化,"他说,“自然能向我们展示可持续且有韧性的方法——在能源与用水方面,也在材料制造与性能方面。”
翻译要点
I most definitely do think中do为强调助动词,叠用most definitely加强语气,翻译时用"确实非常肯定"还原强度。the built environment为建筑学固定术语"建成环境(人工建造的环境)",与natural environment相对。resilient意为"有韧性的、能恢复的",是可持续发展文本的核心形容词。in terms of意为"在……方面、就……而言"。fabrication意为"制造、加工",properties在此为熟词僻义:指材料的"性能、特性",不是"财产/房产"。
第 13 段(结尾):还缺一个临界点
“We have all the solutions we need to make rapid progress on addressing the planetary emergency,” he says. But he believes that biomimicry has yet to really cut through. “We need a tipping point in public opinion that compels urgent action and allows the new thinking to be unleashed — economics aligned with planetary limits, ultra-low-energy materials, buildings that take carbon out of the atmosphere, and much more besides.”
译文:"应对这场全球性的生态紧急状况,所需的全部解决方案我们都已经具备了,"他说。但他认为,仿生学还没有真正打通局面。“我们需要舆论上出现一个临界点,迫使人们立即行动,让新思路得以释放——与地球承载力相匹配的经济模式、超低能耗材料、能从大气中移除碳的建筑,以及诸如此类的更多东西。”
翻译要点
has yet to really cut through中have yet to do意为"尚未做到",cut through意为"突破障碍、打通局面"。tipping point为社会学/传播学术语"临界点、引爆点",此处指舆论转变的阈值。compels urgent action意为"迫使采取紧急行动"。unleashed本义"解开皮带放(狗)“,引申为"释放(被压制的新思路)”。aligned with意为"与……一致/对齐",planetary limits指"地球(生态)边界/承载力"。besides作副词置于句末,意为"此外、还有",and much more besides即"以及远不止这些"。- 结尾以一串名词短语铺陈愿景,不做总结陈词,是英文评论文章常见的开放式收束。
二、核心词汇表
1. 六级 / 进阶词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 / 释义 | 常用搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| mimic | /ˈmɪmɪk/ | v. 模仿,模拟 | mimic a forest 模拟森林 |
| biomimicry | /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ | n. 仿生学 | the science of biomimicry |
| prompt | /prɒmpt/ | n. 提示,命题(熟词僻义) | one of the prompts behind the design |
| harvest | /ˈhɑːvɪst/ | v. 收集(雨水);n. 收成(熟词僻义) | harvest water from rainfall |
| compost | /ˈkɒmpɒst/ | v. 把……制成堆肥 | composted on-site 就地堆肥 |
| canopy | /ˈkænəpi/ | n. 树冠层;顶棚 | a tree-like canopy 树冠状顶棚 |
| net positive | /ˌnet ˈpɒzətɪv/ | adj. 净正(产出大于消耗)的 | a net positive energy generator |
| toxin | /ˈtɒksɪn/ | n. 毒素 | producing no toxins |
| ecosystem | /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ | n. 生态系统 | nature’s ecosystems |
| organism | /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ | n. 生物体,有机体 | imitating organisms |
| innovative | /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ | adj. 创新的 | innovative building materials |
| reversal | /rɪˈvɜːsl/ | n. 彻底反转 | a total reversal of … |
| emission | /ɪˈmɪʃn/ | n. 排放(物) | global emissions 全球排放 |
| geometries | /dʒiˈɒmətriz/ | n. 几何形态(复数) | natural geometries 自然几何 |
| principal | /ˈprɪnsəpl/ | n. 负责人,主创(熟词僻义) | a principal at Fisher Architecture |
| boast | /bəʊst/ | v. 拥有(值得称道之物)(熟词僻义) | boasts the world’s largest… |
| geodesic dome | /ˌdʒiːəˈdesɪk dəʊm/ | n. 网格穹顶 | housed in geodesic domes |
| reclaimed | /rɪˈkleɪmd/ | adj. (土地)复垦的 | a reclaimed clay pit |
| resilient | /rɪˈzɪliənt/ | adj. 有韧性的,可恢复的 | sustainable and resilient methods |
| fabrication | /ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃn/ | n. 制造,加工 | material fabrication 材料制造 |
| properties | /ˈprɒpətiz/ | n. 性能,特性(熟词僻义) | material properties 材料性能 |
| realm | /relm/ | n. 领域,范围 | in the realm of … |
| planetary | /ˈplænətri/ | adj. 行星的,地球尺度的 | the planetary emergency |
| tipping point | /ˈtɪpɪŋ pɔɪnt/ | n. 临界点,引爆点 | a tipping point in public opinion |
| compel | /kəmˈpel/ | v. 迫使 | compel urgent action |
| unleash | /ʌnˈliːʃ/ | v. 释放,使迸发 | allow the new thinking to be unleashed |
| aligned | /əˈlaɪnd/ | adj. 与……一致的 | aligned with planetary limits |
| besides | /bɪˈsaɪdz/ | adv. 此外,还有 | and much more besides |
2. 四级高频词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 / 释义 | 常用搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| generate | /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ | v. 产生,发(电) | generate its own energy |
| absorb | /əbˈzɔːb/ | v. 吸收 | absorb naturally available water |
| available | /əˈveɪləbl/ | adj. 可获得的,可用的 | naturally available water |
| consumption | /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ | n. 消耗(量) | reduce energy consumption |
| consume | /kənˈsjuːm/ | v. 消耗 | more electricity than it consumes |
| combat | /ˈkɒmbæt/ | v. 应对,与……斗争 | combat climate change |
| reverse | /rɪˈvɜːs/ | v. 逆转,颠倒 | reverse climate change |
| inspiration | /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ | n. 灵感 | take inspiration from nature |
| imitate | /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ | v. 模仿 | imitating nature’s ecosystems |
| sustainable | /səˈsteɪnəbl/ | adj. 可持续的 | sustainable solutions |
| intention | /ɪnˈtenʃn/ | n. 意图,目的 | has the specific intention of |
| lessen | /ˈlesn/ | v. 减轻,减少 | lessen buildings’ impact |
| impact | /ˈɪmpækt/ | n. 影响,冲击 | impact on the environment |
| architecture | /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə®/ | n. 建筑(学) | biomimicry in architecture |
| traditional | /trəˈdɪʃənl/ | adj. 传统的 | traditional products |
| trap | /træp/ | v. 困住,捕集 | trap carbon 固碳 |
| manufacture | /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə®/ | n./v. 制造 | traditional cement manufacture |
| account for | /əˈkaʊnt fɔː®/ | (比例上)占;解释 | accounts for 7 to 8 percent |
| structural | /ˈstrʌktʃərəl/ | adj. 结构的 | structural shapes 结构形状 |
| ultimately | /ˈʌltɪmətli/ | adv. 最终,归根结底 | ultimately reduce … |
| carbon footprint | /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ | n. 碳足迹 | the carbon footprint of construction |
| complex | /ˈkɒmpleks/ | adj. 复杂的 | complex shapes 复杂形状 |
| tend | /tend/ | v. 倾向于 | tends to be resistant to change |
| resistant | /rɪˈzɪstənt/ | adj. 抵触的,抵抗的 | resistant to change |
| advocate | /ˈædvəkət/ | n. 倡导者 | a longtime advocate of biomimicry |
| essential | /ɪˈsenʃl/ | adj. 必不可少的 | an essential one 必不可少的一项 |
| definitely | /ˈdefɪnətli/ | adv. 肯定地,明确地 | I most definitely do think |
| address | /əˈdres/ | v. 应对,处理 | addressing the planetary emergency |
| atmosphere | /ˈætməsfɪə®/ | n. 大气(层) | take carbon out of the atmosphere |
| building | /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ | n. 建筑物,楼房 | a six-story office building |
| generating | /ˈdʒenəreɪtɪŋ/ | v. 产生(generate 的动名词) | by generating its own energy |
| generator | /ˈdʒenəreɪtə®/ | n. 发电机;产出体 | a net positive energy generator |
| imitating | /ˈɪmɪteɪtɪŋ/ | v. 模仿(imitate 的动名词) | imitating nature’s ecosystems |
| processes | /ˈprəʊsesɪz/ | n. 过程(复) | ecosystems, processes and organisms |
| rainfall | /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ | n. 降雨,雨水 | harvest water from rainfall |
| footsteps | /ˈfʊtsteps/ | n. 足迹(复) | follow in nature’s footsteps |
| reimagined | /ˌriːɪˈmædʒɪnd/ | adj. 被重新构想/改造的 | reimagined materials |
| realizing | /ˈriːəlaɪzɪŋ/ | v. 意识到 | finally realizing that… |
| uneven | /ʌnˈiːvn/ | adj. 不平整的 | an uneven building surface |
| pit | /pɪt/ | n. 坑,矿坑 | a reclaimed clay pit |
| hooks | /hʊks/ | n. 小钩子(复) | small hooks on plant seeds |
| greenhouses | /ˈɡriːnhaʊzɪz/ | n. 温室(复) | Two greenhouses are housed in… |
| solar panels | /ˈsəʊlə ˈpænlz/ | n.phr. 太阳能板 | 575 solar panels |
| rainforest | /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ | n. (热带)雨林 | the world’s largest covered rainforest |
| ultra-low | /ˌʌltrə ˈləʊ/ | adj. 超低的 | ultra-low-energy materials |
3. 高频短语 / 固定搭配
| 短语 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| behave like | 表现得像,像……那样运转 | behave like a forest |
| turn to | 求助于,转向 | architects are turning to biomimicry |
| take inspiration from | 从……汲取灵感 | taken inspiration from nature |
| follow in sb.'s footsteps | 追随……的脚步 | following in nature’s footsteps |
| lead to | 导致,带来 | led to the creation of … |
| account for | (比例上)占 | accounts for 7–8 percent of emissions |
| one such example | 这样一个例子 | One such example is the Eden Project. |
| regardless of | 不管,不受……影响 | regardless of the site’s ground levels |
| in terms of | 在……方面,就……而言 | in terms of energy and water usage |
| as well as | 以及,除……之外还 | as well as material fabrication |
| has yet to do | 尚未做到 | has yet to really cut through |
| cut through | 突破障碍,打通局面 | biomimicry has yet to cut through |
| aligned with | 与……一致/匹配 | economics aligned with planetary limits |
| and much more besides | 以及远不止这些 | … and much more besides |
| coral reefs | 珊瑚礁 | Inspired by coral reefs |
| soap bubbles | 肥皂泡 | The models were soap bubbles. |
| bullet train | 子弹头列车,高速列车 | the nose of a bullet train |
| best practice | 最佳实践,优选做法 | from a best practice to an essential one |
| business-close-to-usual | 原文造词(仿 business as usual):几乎照旧做生意 | “business-close-to-usual is not enough” |
4. 专业术语与专有名词(理解即可,不必强记)
| 词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| Biomason | 美国生物建材公司,利用微生物"种"出固碳水泥 |
| biocement | 生物水泥(生产过程中固碳,与传统水泥相反) |
| Douglas firs | 道格拉斯冷杉,北美常见高大针叶树 |
| Eden Project | 英国康沃尔"伊甸园项目",网格穹顶温室群 |
| Grimshaw Architects | 设计伊甸园项目的英国建筑事务所 |
| Seattle | 西雅图(美国华盛顿州) |
| Pittsburgh | 匹兹堡(美国宾夕法尼亚州) |
| Velcro | 维可牢尼龙搭扣(源自植物种子小钩的仿生发明,商标名) |
| kingfisher’s beak | 翠鸟的喙(日本新干线车头的仿生原型) |
三、长难句解析
1. Constructed in 2013, the building aims to mimic a forest of Douglas firs — trees that once covered the area now occupied by the city — by taking everything it needs from the environment around it and producing no toxins.
- 主干:
the building aims to mimic a forest of Douglas firs。 - 状语:
Constructed in 2013为过去分词短语,逻辑主语the building。 - 同位语:破折号内
trees that once covered the area now occupied by the city说明Douglas firs;其中that从句修饰trees,now occupied by the city又是过去分词短语修饰the area。 - 方式状语:
by taking ... and producing ...两个动名词并列;it needs为省略关系词的定语从句修饰everything。 - 译文:这栋楼建于 2013 年,目标是模拟一片道格拉斯冷杉林——这类树曾覆盖如今被城市占据的区域——从周围环境取得所需的一切,且不产生任何毒素。
2. Two greenhouses — one of which boasts the world’s largest covered rainforest — are housed in geodesic domes on the site of a reclaimed clay pit, an uneven building surface.
- 主干:
Two greenhouses are housed in geodesic domes。 - 非限制性定语从句:
one of which boasts...,which指Two greenhouses;boast此处意为"拥有"。 - 地点状语:
on the site of a reclaimed clay pit。 - 同位语:句末
an uneven building surface说明前面整个地点,解释为什么需要特殊结构。 - 译文:两座温室——其中一座拥有世界最大的室内雨林——被安置在网格穹顶里,场地是一处回填复垦的黏土矿坑,地表并不平整。
3. “We need a tipping point in public opinion that compels urgent action and allows the new thinking to be unleashed — economics aligned with planetary limits, ultra-low-energy materials, buildings that take carbon out of the atmosphere, and much more besides.”
- 主干:
We need a tipping point in public opinion。 - 定语从句:
that compels urgent action and allows the new thinking to be unleashed修饰tipping point,含两个并列谓语;to be unleashed为不定式被动式作宾语补足语。 - 破折号后:一串并列名词短语,具体列举"新思路"的内容;其中
buildings that take carbon out of the atmosphere又带一个定语从句。 - 译文:“我们需要舆论上出现一个临界点,迫使人们立即行动,让新思路得以释放——与地球承载力相匹配的经济模式、超低能耗材料、能从大气中移除碳的建筑,以及诸如此类的更多东西。”
四、写作素材提炼
可迁移的观点句
Buildings like this are exactly what the world needs to reduce energy consumption and help combat — or reverse — climate change.(exactly what ... needs+ 破折号递进修正,适合环保类作文立论)X has the specific intention of lessening ... impact on the environment.(用"特定目的"给概念划界,区分"泛泛的模仿"与"有目标的仿生")A longtime advocate of X, Y says it has quickly changed from a best practice to an essential one.(用"最佳实践 → 必不可少"的升级,表达观念转变,可套用于任何新技术)We have all the solutions we need ... But X has yet to really cut through.("方案齐备但落地不足"的转折,是分析"为何推广不开"的高效句式)
可迁移的论证结构
设问开场(建筑能否像森林)→ 具体案例(Bullitt Center 的三项指标)→ 上升到概念(biomimicry 定义)→ 历史铺垫(人类一直仿生)→ 划界(建筑仿生的特定目的)→ 路径一:换材料(BioMason)→ 转场单句 → 路径二:少用料(伊甸园项目)→ 行业态度(从抗拒到"照旧不够")→ 专家引语 → 收于"临界点"愿景
注意第 7 段那句 but nature also shows us how to build with less:单句成段,把"材料替代"与"结构减量"两条并列的路径分开,是长文防止论据堆叠的常用手法。写"某方案有两条路径"时,值得单独给一句转场。
数据表达句式
creating about 30 percent more electricity than it consumes(比较级 + than 引导的从句)traditional cement manufacture accounts for between 7 and 8 percent of global emissions(account for between A and B percent of区间占比)
可迁移的术语块
biomimicry仿生学 |carbon footprint碳足迹 |net positive energy净正能量 |built environment建成环境 |planetary limits地球承载力边界 |tipping point临界点
五、一句话总结
仿生建筑真正学的不是"长得像自然",而是"像自然一样算账":不靠外部输入、不向外排废、用最少的材料造出最复杂的形状——技术已经齐了,差的是舆论那个临界点。
本文档由截图原文整理,英文原文版权归原作者及扇贝阅读所有,译文与词汇标注仅供学习使用。





